The Author as Creator in Frankenstein Essay - 2907 Words

The Author as Creator in Frankenstein Mary Shelleys Frankenstein can be read as an allegory for the creative act of authorship. Victor Frankenstein, the modern Prometheus seeks to attain the knowledge of the Gods, to enter the sphere of the creator rather than the created. Like the Author, too, he apes the ultimate creative act; he transgresses in trying to move into the feminine arena of childbirth. Myths of divine creation are themselves part of the historical process that seeks to de-throne the feminine; this is the history of Art, itself at first denied to women as an outlet of self-expression. It is a process recorded in Art itself, in stories like that of Prometheus. Prometheus in earlier myths stole fire†¦show more content†¦He cannot make me die. (Cassell Dictionary of Classical Mythology 338) In later versions of the myth, Prometheus in some way becomes the creator of Man, fashioning him out of mud. After the great flood, Prometheus son and daughter-in-law were the only survivors, and re-propagated the sexes. The concept of Frankenstein was created in part in the summer of 1816, through Lord Byrons literary challenge, inclement weather, and a nightmare. Literary sources included Paradise Lost and Ovids Metamorphoses, which the Shelleys read the year before. Thus the idea for a story based on the Prometheus myth, and of the baseness of the condition of existence without God seems intentional, and engendered by these sources. The novel reflects a climate in which literary worship of the divine was to an extent forsaken in favour of the awe-inspiring wonder of Nature; the concept of the sublime was in itself a reaction to the rationalism of the Enlightenment. The Romantic Movement saw a concerted effort to return to superstition and excess of imagination. It was marked by a Gothic revival and the birth of science fiction in Shelleys text, and by the deification of the Natural world, and Man himself. Frankenstein begins with a narrative that in some ways mirrors the tale it tells. Robert WaltonsShow MoreRelatedThemes Of Alienation In Frankenstein1294 Words   |  6 PagesThrough Frankenstein by Mary Shelley as well as Skim by Mariko Tamaki and Jillian Tamaki, themes of alienation are projected throughout both texts. Frankenstein in comparison to Skim is one that must look over the different mediums used to portray ideas , furthermore, it is important to focus on the themes of exclusion and alienation present within both texts. In this essay, I will discuss themes of alienation throughout the two texts Skim, as well as Frankenstein with the consideration of: PetscheRead MoreFrankenstein Essay1176 Words   |  5 PagesMany people know that Mary Shelley, the author of Frankenstein, was part of a family of famed Romantic era writers. Her mother, Mary Wollstonecraft, was one of the first leaders of the feminist movement, her father, William Godwin, was a famous social philosopher , and her husband, Percy Shelley, was one of the leading Romantic poets of the time (Frankenstein: Mary Shelley Biography.). What most people do not know, however, is that Mary Shelley dealt with issues of abandonment her whole life andRead MoreThe Power Of Passion In Mary Shellys Frankenstein1253 Words   |  6 Pagestheme in many books. In Mary Shelly’s novel Frankenstein, the devotion that the Frankenstein and his Monster have for their passion exemplifies and, in the end, causes their eternal suffering. In the story, Frankenstein is rescued from freezing to death in the Arctic by a researcher named Walton. Frankenstein tells Walton his life story and how he made the biggest mistake of his life which was pursuing the acquirement of knowledge. In her narrative, the author uses mirroring language to prove that theRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Frankenstein And The Rime Of The Ancient Mariner 1131 Words   |  5 PagesEnglish IV AP 11 September 2015 The Burden of Knowledge, An Analysis of Gothic Elements in Frankenstein and The Rime of The Ancient Mariner Henry Wadsworth once said: â€Å"Every man has his secret sorrows which the world knows not; and often times we call a man cold when he is only sad.† Such untold sorrows are what plague two very distinct characters in two very distinct works of literature. Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein tells of Victor Frankenstein’s torment as he is plagued by his creation; Samuel Coleridge’sRead MoreAllusions Vs. Mary Shelley s Frankenstein 1520 Words   |  7 PagesAllusions to Paradise Lost in Frankenstein In the classic gothic novel Frankenstein, Mary Shelley creates numerous allusions, or references to another work, to John Milton’s epic, Paradise Lost. Allusions can be interpreted differently by each individual, and do not have absolute meanings. They are indirect, which means that the author does not specifically mention the book or epic that he or she is referencing to. Though in Frankenstein, Mary Shelley directly mentions Milton’s Paradise Lost atRead MoreVictor Frankenstein Character Analysis Essay1645 Words   |  7 PagesMs. Straatsma ENG4U0-A Ryan Makhanlall ISU Reading Analysis Questions/Notes – Frankenstein by: Mary Shelley Character Analysis: Give your ideas about the main characters(s). Include what you like and dislike about the characters and why they deserve praise or criticism. Does the author intend for you to like/dislike them? How do you know? Victor Frankenstein: Victor Frankenstein, is the protagonist who describes his life to Robert Walton. In my opinion, Victor shows his ambition, logic and intelligenceRead MorePower ; S Passion For Knowledge In Mary Shelleys Frankenstein848 Words   |  4 Pagesoverpowering. Frankenstein is talking to Walton about his mistakes through his quest to acquires knowledge. He explains that it is better for people to think they are the only people in the word than to try and become greater than their nature will allow. He starts telling Walton his story. He states , â€Å"No one can conceive the variety of feelings which bore me onwards, like a hurricane, in the first enthusiasm of success† (54). Through his use of the simile, â€Å"like a hurricane,† Frankenstein explains theRead MoreMary Shelly s The Book Frankenstein1570 Words   |  7 Pages1) The author of the article Joseph Pearce seem to have the whole purpose of Mary Shelly and her relations with her book Frankenstein . The book Frankenstein was given deep thought, and has a deeper meaning resembles a version of Mary Shelly. In the book we see very much of the similar resembles and life events what Shelly bypassed. As romanticism of Byron and Shelley and the struggle between the two Shelley’s themselves, and the struggles of Mary from Percy s shadow. In June, Mary Shelly was knownRead MoreFrankenstein Vensor Frankenstein And The Modern Prometheus And Victor Frankenstein1031 Words   |  5 Pagesa Titan named Prometheus stole fire from the gods and put it in the clay to make man. Like in the Greek Mythology, Mary Shelley has Victor Frankenstein steal life from nature. As Mary Shelley states in the title of her book Frankenstein, or the Modern Prometheus, she parallels Victor Frankenstein to the Titan Prometheus. As Mary Shelley states in Frankenstein the pursuit of unknown knowledge is dangerous. â€Å" So much has been done†¦ I will pioneer a new way, explain unknown powers, and unf old to theRead MoreMary Shelly s The Novel Of Frankenstein850 Words   |  4 PagesThe novel Frankenstein was written by Mary Shelly and was first published in 1818 anonymously. Then, revised edition of the novel was published with the preface written by her husband, Percy Bysshe Shelly. As, this novel was first published namelessly, many people thought that the man, who wrote the preface, Percy Shelly, was the author of the book. Consequently, there are few disagreements about the authorship of Frankenstein. Many people refuse to accept that Mary Shelly is the real author of Frankenstein

The And Divine Nature Of The Bible - 1393 Words

â€Å"Inspiration† is that work of the Holy Spirit in influencing the authors and compilers of scripture to produce writings which adequately reflect what God desired to communicate to us.† (Created for Community, 1998, p 166) This paper will examine the orthodox view on the human and divine nature of the Bible, the Holy Spirit’s role in the inspiration and illumination, and the ultimate goal of the Bible. This paper will also discuss the two arguments known as the inerrantist and infallibilist views. â€Å"Some in the movement saw the Bible as a human book that was to be studied using methods common to the study of any other literature, while others continued to uphold the divine authority of Scripture and sought to understand the Bible as a theological book.† (Pocket Dictionary, 1999, p 20) This is the definition of the human and divine nature of scripture according to the Pocket Dictionary. I believe that the Gospel is divine in nature, but that it does indeed hold a human element. The human element is what allows us to relate to scripture on a deeper level. This human element is evident in three different areas of scriptures. The first piece of evidence we see in the Bible is that the â€Å"Biblical authors presupposed a premodern view of the world.† (Across the Spectrum, 2009, p 25) The second is simple, it is the idea that the world is surrounded by cosmic forces and therefore need the â€Å"good Gods† to keep them in line. The last way in which we see the humanity of the BiblicalShow MoreRelatedEthics of Homosexuality857 Words   |  4 Pageson the subject. There are those who believe in the divine command theory and those who believe in the natural law theory. In order to properly understand either theory it is important to know the meaning behind each. According to , divine command theory can be used to refer to any one of a family of related ethical theories. What these theories have in common is that they take God’s will to be the foundation of ethics. According to divine command theory, things are morally good or bad, or morallyRead MoreThe Relationship Between Humanity And The Divine1423 Words   |  6 PagesRonald Nance Jones, Craig Introduction to Philosophy 6 December 2016 The relationship between humanity and the divine Throughout the course of humanity’s history many questions have risen that have posed a problem to us as a species. Questions such as the following: What is the proper relationship between individuals and society? What is beauty, and why is it important? Is there purpose in human existence?, and many others have caused enough trouble in humanity’s short existence on the earth toRead MoreChristianity And The Nature Of God1420 Words   |  6 Pages If one is to write about Christianity and the nature of God, one must have a foundation to rely upon. Both theology and our epistemological queries concerning God must be crafted from a source. Michael Bird in his Evangelical Theology notes that the prolegomena or things we say before saying anything about God must be predicated upon a critical source. This source is God’s Word and is revealed in multiple ways. If one is to conduct a Credo or apologetic stance of his Christian faith, this personRead MoreThomas Paine s The Age Of Reason1666 Words   |  7 PagesThis shift can be seen in Thomas Paine’s The Age of Reason; which is an excellent example of deism. Paine spares no detail on why he does not believe in the Bible and why he does not believe God is continually working in the world. Jonathan Edwards’ sermon, A Divine and Supernatural Light, on the other hand, adamantly believes in the Bible and that God is actively present in the world. Edwards’s provides an excellent example of Christianity. These two authors create a snapshot of the prevailingRead MoreThe Christian Religion Centers On The Question, â€Å"Who Is1540 Words   |  7 Pagesshow how these two natures came together as Jesus Christ. So with that being proven, no one will stray further away from the truth that Jesus Christ is the son of God and also God the Son. Belief in and about Jesus Christ lies at the heart of Christianity; most of the discussion and controversy over â€Å"Who is Jesus.† First it must be established that the fully God and fully human premise is required by Scripture itself. If not, this strange doctrine of â€Å"one person in two natures† cannot be classicRead MoreChristianity Is A Religion Based On The Person And God1479 Words   |  6 Pagesthat is when you put your complete trust or confidence in someone or something. For Christians our faith is put into the Bible, believing in and worshipping a supreme being, God, and a superhuman, Jesus Christ. The importance to Christianity and to anyone’s growth in Christian life can be seen through believing in someone whether human or divine, God as three persons in one divine being, genuine friendship, the sacraments, and Jesus Christ as the fullness of both divinity and humanity. Although ChristianityRead MoreReaffirming Jesus : How Convictions Challenge d By Conflicting Evidence Yield Stronger Beliefs1585 Words   |  7 PagesChallenged by Conflicting Evidence Yield Stronger Beliefs Jesus has been presented to me in a consistent way from my youth beginning in kindergarten through my high school experience. My initial understanding of Jesus is that he is a fully human, fully divine savior that serves as a teacher for his historical peers through contemporary times. The conceptions and understanding I have of Jesus had not been contested, challenged or questioned until I came to St. Joseph’s. While my original ideas of JesusRead MoreThe Doctrine Of The Divine Command Theory884 Words   |  4 PagesThe divine command theory states that â€Å"An act is morally required just because it is commanded by God and immoral just because God forbids it† (Shafer-Landau, The Fundamentals of Ethics, p.67). In interviewing an Elder of a local Jehovah’s Witness congregation on the ethics involved in religion, he agreed that the divine command theory is correct, and that there are many commands and things that are forbidden in the bible that are considered t o be God’s standards for the way we live our lives. ButRead MoreTaking a Look at the Original Sin1159 Words   |  5 Pagesday a serpent came to Eve and asked made her question the command of not eating from the tree. The serpent told her that she could have knowledge and become like God if she ate from the tree. Both Adam and Eve ate from the tree and disobeyed God’s divine command. God in turn cursed the serpent as well as Adam and Eve. He told Adam that he would struggle and toil with the land and also that he will return to the dust just as he was created from it. God had to punish Adam and Eve for the disobedientRead MoreWhat Is The Purpose Of Life?1619 Words   |  7 Pageslife s. Many people find solace in their religions, others look to the ancients and the stars, while some, just trust in nature. Maybe within all of these outlooks, you can find truths about the meaning of life, but is the meaning or purpose of life the same for each individual? Within thi s paper I am going to touch on some viewpoints of some religions, the ancients and nature, to aid in the discussion as well as share my views on what the objective of life is. Let us start

Environmental Racism Environmental Discrimination

Balogun Grace Dr. McCray Sociology 210 August 28, 2017 Environmental Racism Environmental racism refers to the inappropriate exposure of low-income or minority individuals to heavy chemicals, pollution, toxic wastes, pesticides, and, most importantly, clean air. According to Bullard, environmental racism refers to racial discrimination in environmental policy making, decision making, and/or any practice which results in equitable distribution of environmental burdens borne by society and based on race or color (qtd. in Revalthi 199). Environmental racism is considered a threat to human lives because it focuses on a particular or specific part of a racial group or color. An industry in a rural area will undermine the health concerns of the†¦show more content†¦As many as 12,000 children in Flint drank lead-contaminated water and are at especially high risk of brain damage (Goff 2). The effects of environmental racism are health risk, poverty, and race. Health risk plays a significant part in environmental racism. The results of environmental pollution and exposure to toxic chemicals contaminate the air inhaled by residents, thereby leading to long-term illnesses such as cancer. Furthermore, an epidemic can continue from one generation to the next, depending on exposure. Chemicals such as dioxin, released into the environment from the disposition of certain chemicals, have adverse effects which are poisonous to human beings and which include cancer, hormonal disorders, and infections. One such toxin which is released from pollutants and known to have a deleterious effect on an individual’s health (and which is known to be the most toxic substance to mankind) is a carcinogen named dioxin (qtd. in Revalti 199). Asthma is another health effect which is interrelated with various environmental factors such as exhaust from cars and industries. Thirty-eight percent of people of color (more than white people) are exposed to a level of nitrogen dioxide (Bryce and Covert 5). A community that suffers from the negative effects of carcinogens is Mossville, Louisiana, where a certain group of low- income African-Americans have been fighting hard for a healthier environment and to improve the state of health forShow MoreRelatedResearch Proposal On Environmental Racism And Environmental Justice Essay1172 Words   |  5 Pages1404: Environmental Racism and Environmental Justice May 30, 2016 Andy Stanford (Instructor) This will be my paper research proposal on behave of the unit 8 Learning assignment as per requested; The Brief summary of my topic will be An environmental Justice / Environmental Racism. ThisRead MoreEssay on Environmental Racism1450 Words   |  6 PagesWhen one discusses acts of racism, slander or the stereotyping of a group of people may come to mind. However, the concept of environmental racism is rarely considered. This form of racism positions dominant environmental framing as racially driven, in which people of color (i.e. minorities) are affected disproportionately by poor environmental practices. Communities of color throughout the United States have become the dumping grounds for our nation’s waste disposal, as well as home to agriculturalRead MoreEcological Crisis Has Been Associated With The Environmental Pollution1307 Words   |  6 Pagesrace. The major ecological crisis has been associated with the environmental pollution (Westra 122). Notably, race and eth nicity have been considered to be significant contributing factors to the ecological crisis than the economic income and class. Ecological crisis has since led to racism particularly in regions occupied by different races. For instance, the affluent black communities have been associated with high toxic environmental waste sites than the poorer whites. This notion was pegged onRead MoreThe Problem Of Environmental Racism916 Words   |  4 Pagespaper, we are going to provide a quick overview of what environmental justice is and when this phenomenon started to then analyze the dilemma of environmental racism in minorities’ neighborhoods. At the same time we will try to present some solutions to the matter as well as explain if we believe that this kind of social-race problem could be addressed in a near future or it will be ignored and forgotten by the new generations. The environmental justice movement is tightly related to the Civil RightsRead MoreEassy : The New Global Health Terror1292 Words   |  6 Pagesthis crisis is to kill the mosquitoes and to spread cautionary messages to women. This essay will discuss how the Zika epidemic intersects with the global issues of gender discrimination and environmental racism. The Zika virus intersects with an issue that feminists have been fighting for four centuries, gender discrimination. The local and global governments have put out messages that target women and tell them that they should avoid becoming pregnant, use contraception, and cover themselves fromRead MoreThe Documentary Crude, By Joe Berlinger1371 Words   |  6 PagesFreshDirect began plans to build their new headquarters and a fueling station along the South Bronx waterfront, a district which is 39% Black and 60% Hispanic according to the Institute for Civil Infrastructure Systems. Environmental racism is usually not the overt racism, discrimination, or stereotyping that is splayed out across the media through newspapers and television screens, attracting national attention. Instead, it is more subtle and hidden, such as the placement of a toxic waste dump in aRead MoreRacial Justice Of The United Church Of Christ1363 Words   |  6 PagesEnvironmental racism is the â€Å"targeting of minorities and low-income communities to bear a disproportionate share of environmental costs. It refers to any policy or practice that differently affects or disadvantages individuals, groups or communities based on race or skin color† (Schill Austin 1991). Pollution is disproportionately distributed across the country; it is also distributed unequally within individual states, within counties, and within cities (Schill Austin 1991). Hazardous wasteRead MoreDescription Of Selected Community Practice Model Essay1161 Words   |  5 Pagesmodel described by Weil, Reisch a nd Ohmer (2012). It will also describe the model of Movements of Progressive Change and how it relates to the role of community practice. Movements for Progressive Change advocate for social action, economic and environmental justice and the well-being of others (Weil, Reisch Ohmer, 2012). Identification of Key Characteristics Changes to policy and social conditions are gradual and progress is made in a step by step fashion for the health and well-being of theRead MoreEnvironmental Issues Of Environmental Justice1746 Words   |  7 PagesEnvironmental justice is a term coined in the United States that usually deals with two different things. One is the fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people regardless of race, color, national origin, or income with respect to the development, implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and policies. The other is a mixed body of social science literature pertaining to anything from environmental laws to political ecology. Primarily based around the conceptRead MoreRacism and Social Injustice Essay1270 Words   |  6 Pagesthe racial environment is changing. Environmental pollution and racism are connected in more ways than one. The world is unconsciously aware of environmental intolerances, yet continues to expose the poor and mino rities to physical hazards. Furthermore, sociologist continue to study â€Å"whether racial disparities are largely a function of socioeconomic disparities or whether other factors associated with race are also related to the distribution of environmental hazards† (Mohai and Saha 2007: 345).

Historical Influences on the Architecture of the Suleymaniye Mosque Essay Example For Students

Historical Influences on the Architecture of the Suleymaniye Mosque Essay How has diverse civilizations and architecture throughout history influenced the architecture of the Suleymaniye Mosque? The chief issue that will be covered by the writer in this thesis is the inquiry of how different civilizations and architectural manners have influenced the Suleymaniye Mosque’s design and construction. The ground for this probe is to place characteristics, which have been acquired from other civilizations, and besides the manner in which Architect Sinan developed an architectural manner that was besides influenced through the usage of other landmark edifices around him such as the Hagia Sophia. Having said this, it is of import to place his technology expertness, which will be discussed further in the 2nd chapter of the thesis. It will be utile to besides hold a expression at the influence that Architect Sinan acquired during his life-time through other architectures and whether he has reflected these onto the devising of the Suleymaniye Mosque. The initial subdivision of the thesis will be centered on familiarising the reader with the history of Mosques severally and how they have transformed over clip up until the Ottoman Empire, every bit good as during the age of Sinan ; where his manner and plants will be discussed. This will give the reader an apprehension of how the stylistic and structural features of traditional signifiers have developed over clip and evolved into Ottoman Mosques and accordingly the Suleymaniye. Which brings us onto the 2nd chapter of the thesis. As mentioned, the 2nd subdivision will mostly cover the Suleymaniye Mosque’s history, map and construction. It is of import to observe that the Suleymaniye Mosque has been through Restoration many times due to temblors ( which are a common happening in Istanbul ) and wars, and how this has changed certain facets of the edifice. The writer will besides look into whether or non the mosque has adapted to the altering times and societal demands which the passing of clip has brought with itself. Further, as seen from the tabular array of contents, the functionality of the mosque will besides be explored. As portion of a larger composite, besides known as the ‘Suleymaniye complex’ , the Suleymaniye is a little but of import portion of this composite which besides bears with it different functionalities. These will be described, as it will besides give more of an penetration into the possible changing nature of the Suleymaniye Mosque through the acquisition of different functionalities within the complex itself. The construction is a major characteristic within the mosque, as it was influenced over clip by many civilizations and architectures such as the Hagia Sophia once more, and Palladio, every bit good as act uponing other architecture such as Michel angelo s dome found above the roof of St Peter s, Rome. The 3rd chapter will ab initio look into the influence of other civilizations such as the Islamic influence, the influence of the Byzantine Empire every bit good as the Barque-Style. However, as Turkey is entirely an Muslim state, and has been an Islamic state for many old ages pre-dating the Ottoman epoch, it is clear that the chief influence will be the Muslim civilization. However, it is of import to besides look into other cultural influences particularly since people from other civilizations besides populate Turkey. Istanbul itself has been a metropolis which seen the presence of people from different states and or civilizations brought by war etc. The issue of diverse cultural influences will originate within this survey when we talk about the construction of the Suleymaniye mosque and its features as different parts have been influenced or attained from a assortment of different civilizations. The Mosque has merged Islamic and Byzantine architectural elements. Within the concluding chapter of the thesis, the writer will see the influential consequence of other architecture on the Suleymaniye mosque. Again, civilization will be prevailing in this chapter excessively in order to understand how architecture is of an influence. For illustration, Architect Sinan has combined tall, slight towers with big vaulted edifices reinforced by half domes in the manner of the Byzantine churchHagia Sophia. Many other manners from other civilizations are apparent within the Mosque, for illustration when the Suleymaniye Mosque was destroyed by afire in 1660and was restored on the bid of grand Turk Mehmed IV by architect FossatAÂ ± . However the Restoration changed the mosque into a more churrigueresque manner architecture. Advantages and Disadvantages of Smartphones EssayThe courtyard is enclosed on three sides by stonewalls, through the Windowss of which the sanctuary and funerary garden may be viewed. The 4th side has no wall built, leting a birds-eye position of the metropolis and Golden horn. The minarets of the Suleymaniye have a sum of 10 balconies ; this was due to Suleyman the Magnificent being the 10th Ottoman grand Turk. Two taller minarets both frame the forecourt and tag the entryway to the interior infinite of worship where the sidewalls of the forecourt meet the mosque. The mosque has many structural features that resemble the Hagia Sophia. Sinan knew the Hagia Sophia good as he contributed to its saving. For about 500 yearsByzantine architecturesuch as the church of Hagia Sophia functioned as theoretical accounts for many of the Ottoman mosques including the Suleymaniye. Although both were constructed in really different times, one stand foring the Christian-Byzantine Empire and the other stand foring the capableness of the designer Sinan and the Islamic-Ottoman Empire, they have similarities as the Hagia Sophia influenced the Suleymaniye. Similar to the Hagia Sophia four giant wharfs hold up the chief domes over a square program. However the support system is much more complex ‘two half-domes stand on the axis ofqiblahand hugearched walls filled with Windowss stand on the cross-axis’ . The multiple domes and the arches back uping them besides help to beef up and administer the weight of the monolithic cardinal dome. Equally good as the columns being an indispensable portion of the complex dome and support system of the mosque, it besides had important symbolic value sacredly, symbolically and besides architecturally. Although this supports the thought of influence of Hagia Sophia on the mosque, it besides shows that the Suleymaniye mosque remains a alone piece of architecture due to its complexness, from the colliding facets Sinan applied to the mosque. Taking elements from foreign civilizations and faiths and uniting them into something original can be recognized in the Suleymaniye Mosque merely by analyzing at the structural qualities and stuffs. The originality of the great Ottoman mosques did non look by taking all the foreign influences, nor can it simply be reduced to the Byzantine manner. It is a mixture that developed by the process of integrating of foreign civilization by the Turks of Byzantine civilization. This is what Ottoman Empire is, a multiracial, multilingual, and multicultural imperium, whic h is what will be explored farther throughout this survey. Bibliography: 1. Cansever, Turget. The Architecture of Mimar Sinan. Architectural Design. V. 74. n. 6. Nov/Dec 2004. pg 64-70. 2. Celebi, Sai Mustafa. Book of Buildings: Memoirs of Sinan the Architect. Kocbank: Istanbul, 2002. pg. 68. 3. Freely, John and Augusto Romano Burelli. Sinan: Architect of Suleyman the Magnificent and the Ottoman Golden Age. Thames A ; Hudson: London, 1992. pg. 15-18, 26-33, 44-45, 74-77, 123-137. 4. Goodwin, Godfrey. Sinan: Ottoman Architecture and Its Valuess Today. Redwood Press Limited. Great Britain, 1993. Pgs. 33-45. 5. Nelipuglu, Gulru. The Age of Sinan: Architectural Culture in the Ottoman Empire. Reaktion Books: London, 2005. pg. 207-221. 6. Yayinlari, Ege. Sinan: An Interpretation. Istanbul, Turkey, 1997. Pgs. 28-30. 7. Grabar, Oleg, erectile dysfunction. 1990. Muqarnas Volume VII: An Annual on Islamic Art and Architecture. Leiden: E.J. Brill. Page 92 8. Art History, Volume I: Prehistoric-1400, pgs 520 – 522 9. Sinan and Palladio: two civilizations and nine squares, International diary of architectural heritage, vol. 6, no. 1, 2012 Jan./Feb. , pgs. 1-18. 10. The Suleymaniye Mosque: a computational fractal analysis of ocular complexness and layering in Sinan s masterwork, ARQ: architectural research quarterly, vol. 16, no. 2, 2012 June, p. 171-182. 11. Global architecture: the masterworks / Will Pryce, London: Thames and Hudson, 2009.Pgs 193 – 195 12. Particular issue. Mimar Sinan: the urban vision, Environmental design, vol. 5, no. 5/6 ( 1/2 ) , 1987, p. 6-221.

Mad Cow Diease Essay Example For Students

Mad Cow Diease Essay Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy or Mad Cow Disease (BSE), degenerative brain disorder of cattle. Symptoms in cows include loss of coordination and a typical staggering gait. Affected animals also show signs of senility, for example, lack of interest in their surroundings, the abandonment of routine habits, disinterest in feed and water, or unpredictable behavior. Affected cattle show symptoms when they are three to ten years old. First identified in Britain in November 1986, over 170,000 cases have since been recorded there. Sporadic incidences have been confirmed in other European countries, with Switzerland (over 260 cases) and Ireland (over 260 cases) identifying the largest number. It has also been recognized in Canada, where cases are confined to dairy cows imported from Britain. BSE has not been officially confirmed in the United States or any other major milk-producing country. Autopsies of affected cattle reveal holes in the brain tissue that give it a spongy, or spongiform, texture. Similar spongiform diseases have been recognized in humans (for example, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease or CJD) for over a century and in sheep (scrapie) for over 200 years. The cause of BSE is unproven, although there is strong evidence that prions, which may be infective proteins, are the agent. Other hypotheses suggest that prions work with an as yet undetected virus to cause the infection. Recycled animal tissue, which had been routinely fed to British dairy cows as a protein supplement, was identified as the source of the infection. The European Commissions Scientific Veterinary Committee and the world control body, the Fdration Internationale des Epizooties (FNE) believes that BSE was originally spread from sheeps brains infected with scrapie and that its spread was accidentally accelerated by the ingestion of brain tissue taken from cows that had become infected with BSE. Following through with this fodder transmission theory, the British government introduced compulsory destruction of suspect animals and their carcasses beginning in 1988. The feeding of animal tissue to cows was banned in Britain in July 1988 and since mid-1992, monitors working for the United Kingdom Ministry of Agriculture have recorded a persistent decline in the number of confirmed cases. It is estimated that the program will eradicate BSE in Britain by the end of 1999. Since the initial report of the disease, there has been fear and speculation that it might be transferable to humans through milk or beef products. The appearance of CJD in several dairy farmers in Britain in the early 1990s heightened the alarm. The medical community was aware of the similarity of CJD symptoms to those of BSE and the documented fact that a related disease, known as kuru, was spread by ritualistic cannibalism among New Guinea tribesmen. In late 1990, consumer concern over the transmission of BSE to humans triggered a temporary drop in British beef consumption. A similar scare struck Germany in mid-1994. In late March 1996 the British Ministry of Health announced the discovery of 10 cases of a newly described type of fatal CJD (new variant CJD, or nvCJD) in which the victims had distinct brain tissue symptoms, were all under the age of 42, and had no hereditary record of the disease. The government admitted that the victims may have contracted the disease through contact with BSE-infected cattle before the eradication of suspected animals had taken effect. The announcement represented an about-face in the stance of the government, which had previously denied any possible link between BSE and human disease. Following the British governments announcement, beef consumption plummeted in Britain and the European Union banned British beef imports worldwide. At least 16 countries from Europe, the Middle East, Africa, and Asia initiated independent bans. In the United States, the Department of Agriculture made plans to step up its testing of cattle for BSE, although the disease has never bee n reported in U.S. cattle. British beef has been banned in the U.S. since 1989. Although the hypothesis of the cattle-to-human transmission path is not yet proven, it has been strengthened by the results of two studies released in 1997. Laboratory mice injected with brain tissue from BSE-infected cows and another group injected with brain tissue from nvCJD-infected humans both developed the same symptoms of brain degeneration, such as walking abnormally; moreover, for both groups, the infection was ultimately fatal. In addition, researchers found the same prion strain in both groups of mice. In one of the studies,researchers injected a third group of mice with tissue from humans who had died of classical CJD; these mice developed no symptoms and survived the trial. In early 1998 scientists found that the suspected disease agent, prion protein, appears not only in the brain tissue of infected humans but also in other organs and in blood. Subsequently there has been a growing concern that nvCJD might be transmitted through blood products-for example, components of human serum used for vaccines in children. In 1998 the British government announced that a large number of blood products will be tested to determine whether they might be infected with the disease. A ban on the export of British blood products, as well as of a blood protein called albumin, may eventually follow. .u2f6aa0b2230bab202ba227f1a9adeade , .u2f6aa0b2230bab202ba227f1a9adeade .postImageUrl , .u2f6aa0b2230bab202ba227f1a9adeade .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2f6aa0b2230bab202ba227f1a9adeade , .u2f6aa0b2230bab202ba227f1a9adeade:hover , .u2f6aa0b2230bab202ba227f1a9adeade:visited , .u2f6aa0b2230bab202ba227f1a9adeade:active { border:0!important; } .u2f6aa0b2230bab202ba227f1a9adeade .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2f6aa0b2230bab202ba227f1a9adeade { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2f6aa0b2230bab202ba227f1a9adeade:active , .u2f6aa0b2230bab202ba227f1a9adeade:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2f6aa0b2230bab202ba227f1a9adeade .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2f6aa0b2230bab202ba227f1a9adeade .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2f6aa0b2230bab202ba227f1a9adeade .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2f6aa0b2230bab202ba227f1a9adeade .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2f6aa0b2230bab202ba227f1a9adeade:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2f6aa0b2230bab202ba227f1a9adeade .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2f6aa0b2230bab202ba227f1a9adeade .u2f6aa0b2230bab202ba227f1a9adeade-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2f6aa0b2230bab202ba227f1a9adeade:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Asian Families EssayWords/ Pages : 848 / 24

Writing Essays on Samples of Essay About Nonverbal Communication

Writing Essays on Samples of Essay About Nonverbal CommunicationIt's easy to write essays on samples of essay about nonverbal communication, but that doesn't mean it has to be easy. This is especially true when the essay you are about to write concerns any form of oral communication. Not only will you have to use your writing skills, but you will also have to use your mind in order to come up with a decent essay that will be read by someone who you don't know very well. Here are some tips for you.It's important that you make it a point to understand the basics of oral communication and any other form of communication that you are going to be writing about. For instance, if you want to write a sample of essay about nonverbal communication, you will need to learn how to listen, how to communicate with an audience, and how to construct sentences that are comprehensible to someone else. These are things that you cannot learn through experience or studying. You need to learn them from exp erience, either through practicing them or through study.Finally, in order to be able to write a well-structured essay, you will need to make it a point to prepare ahead of time. This means that before you actually sit down to write, make a list of all the things that you need to organize your thoughts on. Do this by writing a 'to do' list for yourself, and make a note of everything that needs to get done. Once you have done this, you should be able to clear your mind of all the thoughts that you are thinking and just focus on the task at hand: Writing.On the other hand, if you are writing a sample of essay about nonverbal communication, you should always remember that the subject of your essay is going to dictate the tone and the direction of your writing. Sometimes, this will even require you to try and be more expressive than you otherwise would. This is perfectly acceptable, as long as you still maintain a degree of restraint. The idea is to add subtlety and sensitivity in order to convey your message to your reader.In order to achieve this effect, you should always try to express yourself through writing. Try to add humor, irony, and a hint of profanity if you need to. This is all part of the art of writing, and it will come with practice. As you get better at expressing yourself through writing, you will find that you can do so with less difficulty and your essays will be more polished. This, however, will not come without a great deal of work.One way that you can accomplish this goal is to take out extra paragraphs or even chapters and rewrite your essay. If this means that you have to cut down on the size of your essay, so be it. Doing this will help you to add an element of style and professionalism to your essay. You can even cut your essay into smaller sections if you feel that you need to do this in order to fit all of the material into a certain number of pages. You should be able to cut your essay down to a length that is acceptable for publicati on.Of course, it is always best to do your research before you write your essay. It might seem like a hassle, but it will pay off. You will find that you will make better-informed decisions about what topics to cover in your essay if you have already had the opportunity to read a number of similar works on the topic of oral communication. This is because you will have access to the information that you need to write an effective essay on oral communication.There are a number of topics that you can cover in your essay. The goal is to choose those that you feel will bring to light the specific skill that you are trying to portray in your essay. With practice, you will soon find that writing an essayon samples of essay about nonverbal communication is a simple task that is truly worthwhile.

WebTracker Company

Julie Stern and Mark Foster founded WebTracker as a new software company providing the unique services in the area. The successful idea allowed entrepreneurs to gain the interest of two venture capitalists, Regent Capital and Bantam Ventures (Sahlman Roberts, 2015, p. 1). These companies have different experiences in the sphere of investment. Therefore, Stern and Foster received two term sheets to be analyzed, and then, decide on their choice of the investor.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on WebTracker Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A range of factors can influence the decision of entrepreneurs, and much attention should be paid to the concrete details presented in the term sheets regarding the valuation of the company, the level of control, dividends, the anti-dilution protection, and liquidation conditions (Sherman, 2012). This paper aims to compare and analyze the aspects presented in the term sheet s and provide the advice for Stern and Foster with the focus on the conducted analysis. Differences and Similarities between Regent Capital Term Sheet and Bantam Ventures Term Sheet The structures of the term sheets proposed by Regent Capital and Bantam Ventures, as well as the majority of formulations in them are similar. Thus, the venture capitalists propose the same formulations in their term sheets while discussing the aspects of non-binding, the optional conversation, registration rights, and the ‘drag along’ factor. These sections present the supporting information for the conditions provided in the other sections of the term sheets, and those conditions are quite different (Sahlman Roberts, 2015, p. 6). It is also important to note that the procedures associated with the liquidation, or preferences, are also discussed in the documents in similar terms. The main focus is on protecting the investors’ interests if the company cannot realize the plan in relat ion to the profitability. Still, the discussion of the board of directors is rather similar in order to distribute the control and ownership rights in the start-up company. The term sheets also include many differences that need to be taken into account by the entrepreneurs. Thus, two companies propose different amounts to fund the start-up, and they use different approaches to the calculation of the pre-money valuation and the associated employee option pool. In addition, the approaches to calculating dividends are also different, affecting the founders’ shares in the situation of the liquidation. The voting rights and protection provisions are also formulated differently. More importantly, Regent Capital proposed the formula for calculating the prices in the context of the anti-dilution provisions (Sahlman Roberts, 2015, p. 9). Founder vesting is also a point for the discussion because the proposed conditions differ significantly. Finally, the no-shop provision period is l onger in the case of Regent Capital. The Preferred Term Sheet The analysis of these two term sheets indicates that the document proposed by Bantam Ventures is more beneficial for Stern and Foster because of its less strict conditions. However, while referring to the factor of the investors’ reputation, it is possible to choose Regent Capital as the venture capitalist and concentrate on the negotiations in order to change some of the formulations mentioned in the document.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More From this point, the choice of the term sheet is based not only on the analysis of the actual conditions but also on the analysis of the venture capitalist’s reputation and potential to provide the further funding, if it is required (Sherman, 2012, p. 68). In this context, Regent Capital has the higher potential. However, the task of Stern and Foster is to nego tiate the term sheet aspects in order to follow the pattern proposed in the Bantam Ventures. Thus, the first point to discuss is the pre-money valuation and the employee option pool that should be counted within the post-money valuation, as it is proposed by Bantam Ventures (Sahlman Roberts, 2015, p. 9). While following the term sheet, the second option to discuss is the no-shop provision periods. The period of eight weeks proposed by Regent Capital can be viewed as rather limiting for the founders; therefore, it is relevant to negotiate on the 30-day term proposed by Bantam Ventures. The next important point is the dividends. Regent Capital points at the typical 8% annual dividends that are cumulative. This option is protective for the investors, but the founders can negotiate to follow the pattern proposed in the term sheet of Bantam Ventures, where dividends are 3% and accruing (Sahlman Roberts, 2015, p. 7). Protective provisions presented by Regent Capital are also rather limi ting, and it is possible to negotiate the exclusion of some points from the list in order to address the interests of founders. In this case, the protective provisions need to be correlated with the liquidation preferences. Anti-dilution provisions should be analyzed by Stern and Foster in detail in order to decide whether the formula proposed by Regent Capital is based on the same aspects as the principle of the weighted average anti-dilution mentioned by Bantam Ventures. From this point, selecting Regent Capital, the entrepreneurs can expect the improvement of the conditions provided in the term sheet as the result of negotiations. Negotiations of the Term Sheet with Regent Capital The two main reasons to select the term sheet proposed by Regent Capital and participate in the negotiations are the high reputation of the company and the amount of the funding. Therefore, the focus should be on negotiating Regent Capital’s term sheet. In order to make this venture capitalist in terested in changing the conditions, it is necessary for Stern and Foster to choose the effective negotiation strategy. The analysis of the provided term sheet demonstrates that Regent Capital is focused on protection of their interests in the case of the liquidation (Coleman, Cotei, Farhat, 2013, p. 2). As a result, the entrepreneurs need to formulate the clear exit strategy to present it for Regent Capital in order to explain how the start-up company plans to cope with the possible loss in its revenues.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on WebTracker Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The statements about changing the conditions that are presented in the sheet in financial terms need to be supported with the actual discussion of guarantees for Regent Capital (Sherman, 2012). The argued business plan needs to reflect why the proposed conditions regarding the points interesting for Regent Capital will be work ing in the critical situation. The term sheet reflects the adequate level of control and funding. Still, more attention should be paid to discussing the founder vesting in order to respond to the interests of Stern and Foster and to protective measures along with the case of dilution. While persuading Regent Capital to support the new terms and conditions, Stern and Foster need to accentuate the projected valuation of the start-up company and levels of returns that are appropriate for both founders and investors. WebTracker’s Exit Strategy The procedure associated with the Initial Public Offering (IPO) for start-up companies is rather problematic because of the related expenses. In spite of the fact that Foster can see the IPO as an effective strategy for the company, it is important to pay attention to the prerequisites and limits associated with this process. The barriers to the IPO include the unrealized plan regarding the regularly increased revenues; the high competition in the industry; and increased risks (Kim Wagman, 2014, p. 522). The advantage of the IPO is the potential for the expansion and the intense increase in revenues, but such development requires a lot of resources. On the one hand, the services proposed by WebTracker can be discussed as unique and having the potential for the increase of the customer base (Ready, 2011, p. 164). On the other hand, the information technologies industry is one of the most actively developed sectors in the United States, and the competition is significant. In this context, the other exit strategy can be chosen. The merger can be discussed as the most likely strategy for WebTracker that needs to develop the customer base and improve the brand recognition in the industry. The merger with the other software company or the industry leader can result in increasing the revenues; still, the founders’ control will be limited in this case. Stern and Foster’s Entrepreneurial Characteristics Having a nalyzed the entrepreneurs’ features and behaviors, it is possible to state that Foster is inclined to follow the traditional pattern in the establishment of the start-up company. He tries to predict and prevent risks that can be associated with both selecting the young company in the field of investment and receiving the limited ownership while working with Regent Capital. It is possible to assume that Foster belongs to the type of entrepreneurs who choose the best-practice approaches and patterns in the field while planning the stable growth and development of the company and implementing the effective risk prevention strategy.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Stern can be discussed as belonging to the category of innovators in this field, who focus not only on promoting the unique idea but also on protecting their rights and interests. Therefore, if Foster analyzes the overall conditions associated with accepting this or that term sheet, Stern can be viewed as more focused on the protection of the founders’ financial interests in this case. Conclusion The selection of the term sheet for the start-up company to receive the expected funding is a challenging task that requires the high level of responsibility. The co-founders of WebTracker, Foster and Stern, can be expected to choose different term sheets. While referring to the entrepreneurs’ features, it is possible to assume that Foster will choose Regent Capital in spite of the more restrictions discussed in the document. On the contrary, Stern would choose the term sheet addressing her personal financial interests of a founder. From this point, it is possible to advise an alyzing all risks and accepting the term sheet provided by Regent Capital while focusing on the development of the effective negotiation strategy in order to make the investors interested in the conditions that are beneficial for co-founders. In addition, much attention should be paid to the presentation of the effective exit strategy. In the case of WebTracker, it is possible to choose not only popular IPO but also the less risky merger. References Coleman, S., Cotei, C., Farhat, J. (2013). A resource-based view of new firm survival: new perspectives on the role of industry and exit route. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 18(1), 1-25. Kim, J. H., Wagman, L. (2014). Portfolio size and information disclosure: An analysis of startup accelerators. Journal of Corporate Finance, 29(1), 520-534. Ready, K. (2011). Exiting your business. Startup, 1(9), 163-176. Sahlman, W., Roberts, M. (2015). WebTracker. Harvard Business School, 2(9), 1-15. Sherman, A. J. (2012). Raising capit al: Get the money you need to grow your business. Boston, MA: AMACOM. This report on WebTracker Company was written and submitted by user Kailyn Phillips to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.